1971年出生，南京大学化学化工学院教授，博士生导师。1992年本科毕业于南京大学化学系，1995年硕士毕业于中国科学院化学研究所，1999年获美国Northwestern University博士学位，1999至2005年先后在美国University of California at Santa Barbara和日本科学技术振兴机构从事研究。2005年起在本院任教授和博士生导师，2014年获得国家杰出青年科学基金资助。欢迎有识之士（最好具有分子生物学或有机合成背景）加盟本课题组从事研究。

Understanding/Creating Chemical/Biological Structures/Functions at the Atomic/Molecular Level: Synthetic Chemistry (Polymer, Organic, and Biological).

1. For the first observation of depolymerization of vinyl polymers (with the same type of phenomenon observed afterwards by other groups), please see: Polymer 2012, 53, 5010.

2. For my view on science (a decentralized approach to the formulation of hypotheses), please see: Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 30633. Open Access DOI: 10.1038/srep30633.

3. For the first observation of self-assembly fractionation of polymers, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-f5113.

4. For the concepts of open-boundary catalytic architecture (chemical catalysis), closed-boundary catalytic architecture (enzymatic catalysis), and reciprocal conformational adaptation (enzymatic catalysis), please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-6zgnq-v2.

5. For the concept of enzymatic stringency-relaxation strategy, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-qnkxh.

6. For the concepts of reactivity chemistry and reactivity transduction chemistry, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-wz11n.

7. For the concepts of reactivity-depleting synthesis and reactivity-propagating synthesis, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-6vpc9.

8. For the concepts of reactivity speciation and reactivity adaptation speciation, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-9c0bl.

9. For the concepts of site-centered reactivity and skeleton-chaperoned reactivity, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-6lww1.

10. For the concepts of joint radical effect and disjoint radical effect, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-ngmr5.

11. For the concept of dynamic radical effect, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-sfchs.

12. For the concepts of skeleton speciation-oriented synthesis and appendage speciation-oriented synthesis, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-5k9kg.

13. For the concept of molecular plastics programming, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-wcr6n.

14. For the concept of dynamic polarity analysis, please see: http://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-cllnd.

15. For the concepts of chemistry set and set chemistry, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-bg0x0.

16. For the first achievement of catalytic olefin-imine metathesis, concepts of neighboring appendage participation, homomorphic metathesis, connectivity-heteromorphic metathesis, and bonding-heteromorphic metathesis, please see: http://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-6jqch-v2.

17. For the concept of homeostatic catalysis, please see: http://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-x1cbd.

18. For the concept of relay formalism in transition metal catalysis, please see: Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2017, 56, 5222.

19. For the concept of reactivity relay cascade, please see: Organic Letters 2017, 19, 4359.

20. For the concept of skeleton-oriented synthesis, please see: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.8937017.v2.

21. For the term of forward reactivity analysis and its importance for reaction discovery, please see: Chemistry-A European Journal 2014, 20, 14245; Organic Letters 2016, 18, 1178.

22. For the first synthesis of cobaltacycles under catalysis-relevant C-H activation conditions, please see: Organic Letters 2017, 19, 5348.

23. For the initial demonstration of N-nitroso-directed, transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization reaction (with many other reactions developed afterwards by us and other groups), please see: Journal of the American Chemical Society 2013, 135, 468.

24. For the concept of polarity relay in ring-forming reactions, please see: Organic Letters 2016, 18, 2427.

25. For the first observation of highly deliquescent property from a polymer system (with the same type of phenomenon observed afterwards by other groups), please see: Advanced Materials 2007, 19, 4548.

26. For the first observation of organogel shrinkage (with the same type of phenomenon observed afterwards by other groups), please see: Chemistry of Materials 2007, 19, 2392.

27. For the conjugate polymer with the highest metal ion detection sensitivity, please see: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 7634.

28. For the concept of monolayer-barcoded nanoparticle (with applications developed afterwards by other groups), please see: Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2008, 47, 5009.

29. For the initial use of fluorous tag in a detection system, please see: Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2009, 48, 9503.

30. For the initial use of biomineralization in a detection system, please see: Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010, 132, 6932.

朱进教授的主要学术贡献包括：提出了“去中心化”假设推理方法，避免了传统主导科学思维和实践的“中心化”推理方法制约创新性假设产生的问题；提出了“闭合边界催化架构、互反构象适应”概念，以同时解决催化反应中底物广谱性和高手性选择性的问题；提出了“严苛-松弛”概念，以解决催化反应中反应性官能团的选择性问题；提出了用于发展化学反应的“反应性化学、反应性转导化学”、“反应性耗竭合成、反应性传递合成”、“反应性形化、反应性适应形化”、“位点中心反应性、骨架伴生反应性”、“化学集合、集合化学”、“骨架形化导向的合成、附加结构形化导向的合成”概念，用于描述过渡金属催化机理的“内稳态催化”、“接力模式”概念，用于描述有机反应机理的“动态极性分析”、“邻近附加结构参与”、“同形复分解反应、连接异形复分解反应、成键异形复分解反应”、“反应性接力串联”、“动态自由基效应”、“连接自由基效应、非连接自由基效应”概念，用于描述有机成环反应过程的“极性接力”、“构型反转”概念，用于合成环状有机化合物的“骨架导向的合成”概念，用于进行合成规划的“正向反应性分析”理念，这些概念和理念为过渡金属催化及有机反应的机理阐释提供了新的描述性语言框架，为理性理解反应机制提供了新的视角；首次实现了催化烯烃-亚胺复分解，为碳-碳、碳-氮双键的催化交换过程提供了机理上的创新；首次在碳-氢键活化催化相关条件下获得了钴环中间体，为第一过渡系金属催化的碳-氢键活化机理提供了直接的实验证据；其他课题组利用朱进教授提出的N-亚硝基、烯胺酮、氯代酰胺、N-氨基、噁二唑、2-肼基吡啶导向基团分别开展了44、15、7、5、2、1项碳-氢键官能化工作，其他课题组利用朱进教授提出的基于二氢喹唑啉酮、苯并噻唑啉的光解碳-碳键断裂方法分别开展了4、1项合成工作，有210余篇综述对朱进教授的合成工作进行了介绍，有3篇综述专门介绍了基于N-亚硝基导向基团的碳-氢键官能化工作，有1篇综述专门介绍了基于烯胺酮导向基团的碳-氢键官能化工作；首次观测到了烯基聚合物的解聚、高分子的潮解、有机凝胶的收缩等重要现象，英国University of Warwick的David M. Haddleton教授、美国Carnegie Mellon University的Krzysztof Matyjaszewski教授、日本Kyoto University的Mitsuo Sawamoto教授、美国University of Florida的Brent S. Sumerlin教授、瑞士ETH Zurich的Athina Anastasaki教授等随后发现了类似的烯基聚合物解聚现象，美国University of Florida的Adam S. Veige教授在Chem. Rev.的综述中对朱进教授发现的烯基聚合物解聚现象进行了插图介绍，日本Zeon Corporation的Shigetaka Hayano博士随后发现了类似的高分子潮解现象，日本Tohoku University的Masahiko Yamaguchi教授随后发现了类似的有机凝胶收缩现象；首次观测到了高分子的自组装分级现象；提出了用于建立塑料的分子-宏观性质对应关系的“分子塑料编程”概念；构建了具有最高金属离子检测灵敏度的共轭高分子结构；提出了单分子层质谱编码系统、氟标签、生物矿化等用于生物分子检测的新策略，在朱进教授单分子层质谱编码策略的基础上，瑞典Chalmers University of Technology的Fredrik Höök教授和Peter Sjövall 教授、Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne的Hubert H. Girault教授等发展了一系列质谱分析和成像方法。

Observations and hypotheses are the two fundamental pillars of modern science. Our research is focused on broadening the spectrum of observations and hypotheses (beyond the current norm and broadly defined). This translates to the expansion of the structural, functional, and mechanistic scope of synthesis.

The first observations made in polymer and materials synthesis include low-temperature depolymerization of vinyl polymer (follow-up observations by: David M. Haddleton, University of Warwick; Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Carnegie Mellon University; Mitsuo Sawamoto, Kyoto University; Brent S. Sumerlin, University of Florida; Athina Anastasaki, ETH Zurich), highly deliquescent property of polymer (follow-up observation by: Shigetaka Hayano, Zeon Corporation), solvent-driven organogel shrinkage (follow-up observation by: Masahiko Yamaguchi, Tohoku University), and self-assembly fractionation of polymer. Molecular plastics programming is proposed as an effective platform for mapping of polymer chain architecture to physical properties. Molecular plastics programming refers to a molecular-macroscopic-correspondence-prescribing strategy viewing a monomer unit as a divisible entity comprised of a set of building blocks, with each building block contributing to the acquirement of target plastic properties, ideally in an accurately predictable manner, when integrated into a polymer chain architecture.

In biological and organic synthesis, formalization of observations and formulation of hypotheses have been practiced. Chemical catalysis is characterized by the operation of an open-boundary catalytic center, without a partially or fully folded catalytic cavity. Enzymatic catalysis is distinguished by the engagement of a closed-boundary catalytic center, with a partially or fully folded catalytic cavity. Reciprocal conformational adaptation refers to a phenomenon that both enzyme and substrate can undergo substantial conformational changes for reciprocal adaptation to each other’s conformational constraints during an enzymatic binding and catalysis event. The combination of a closed-boundary catalytic architecture and reciprocal conformational adaptation presents a generic pathway to simultaneously, a broad substrate scope and quantitative enantioselectivity. Stringency-relaxation refers to an enzymatic catalysis strategy that operates through the initial stringency creation of catalysis-requisite amino acid set for exclusive catalytic access to the catalytically most demanding functional group (requiring the largest number and most synergistic collaboration of critical amino acids), followed by subsequent relaxation of amino acid set (mutational change of part of the amino acid set for the catalytically most demanding functional group and attenuation of the amino acid catalytic and/or anchoring effect; termed as amino acid relaxation herein) for exclusive catalytic access to the catalytically less demanding functional group. Reactivity chemistry refers to a static descriptor system for an organic transformation that exclusively asserts functional group already in existence as the root for originating the reactive site of interest. Reactivity transduction chemistry refers to a dynamic reactive unit descriptor system that refers to the delineation of emergence of reactivity (or reactivity flow) based on reactive fragment mapping, the flow of predecessor reactive fragments into the descendant reactive fragment of interest. Reactivity-depleting synthesis refers to the creation, selection, and exploitation of reactivity associated with reactive entities (e.g., heteroatom sites, functional groups) on the reactant side for the projected bonding transformation, and in the service of establishing a target core structure on the product side, thus frequently witnessing the annihilation of product inner reactivity. Reactivity-propagating synthesis refers to the simultaneous accommodation of both reactant reactivity and product inner reactivity into synthetic design, with the survival of product inner reactivity as a central goal. Reactivity speciation refers to a synthetic practice perceiving a priori the reactants as, out of a set of reactive units, a static supply pool of reactive units with definitive complementary matching of reactivity (definitive reactive unit partners) for the deterministic pathway to a specific product. Reactivity adaptation speciation refers to a synthetic practice perceiving the reactants as a dynamic supply pool of shifting reactive units emanated from and compliant with the opportunistic complementary matching of reactivity (shifting reactive unit partners) for the diverse-manifold commensurate pathways to varied products. Site-centered reactivity refers to a synthetic practice for the discovery of organic transformations, with discrete functional group sites as the center of focus for eliciting reactivity and conversions. Skeleton-chaperoned reactivity refers to a synthetic practice with skeleton as a structural scaffold for assisting the activation of functional group sites into a proper reactive sequence. Joint radical effect refers to a phenomenon that the polarity of a radical can be influenced by a covalently bonded, jointed structure as perceived along the reaction trajectory. Disjoint radical effect refers to a phenomenon that the polarity of a radical can be influenced by a non-covalently associated, disjointed structure. Dynamic radical effect refers to a phenomenon that the bonding association between two radicals is reversible and upon bonding dissociation, one radical proceeds to the target reaction course without the participation of other radical. Skeleton speciation-oriented synthesis refers to a synthetic modality that prioritizes synthetic organic speciation by the key bond transformation event and the correspondingly forged primary skeleton, with the associated peripheral appendages viewed as a secondary accessory. Appendage speciation-oriented synthesis refers to a synthetic modality that prioritizes synthetic organic speciation primarily by the peripheral appendages in line with the key bond transformation event and subsequent peripheral bond manipulation, with the skeleton viewed as a secondary accessory. Dynamic polarity analysis refers to the electronic character assignment of both static polarity and transient polarity (transient species-generated polarity, other than static polarity) at each site as well as associated complementarity, for reacting partners. A chemistry set refers to a collection of transformations with defined (especially quantitative) reactivity relations. Set chemistry refers to a synthetic programming strategy, with chemistry set, rather than individual transformation, as the fundamental unit for synthetic planning. Neighboring appendage participation conceptualizes the neighboring appendage-participated inclusive conversion of an otherwise anionically charged, poor leaving group into a neutral, good leaving group (e.g., assisted protonation through the interaction of nonbonding valence electrons with π electrons), for the promotion of bond cleavage. Organic metathesis reactions, typically involving the participation of at least two-carbon- or one-carbon-plus-one-hydrogen-derived covalent bonds, can be divided into three broad categories based on the use of two descriptors: elemental connectivity and bonding modes. The metathesis with an identical set of both elemental connectivity and bonding modes before and after the molecular fragment exchange process is termed as homomorphic metathesis (e.g., olefin-olefin metathesis, olefin-carbonyl metathesis) and as heteromorphic metathesis otherwise. The metathesis with a different set of elemental connectivity (and naturally, a different set of bonding modes) upon molecular fragment exchange is termed as connectivity-heteromorphic metathesis (e.g., Wittig reaction). The metathesis with an identical set of elemental connectivity but a different set of bonding modes upon molecular fragment exchange is termed as bonding-heteromorphic metathesis (e.g., catalytic olefin-imine metathesis reported by our group). Homeostatic catalysis refers to a catalytic process that can sustain its productive catalytic cycle even when chemically disturbed. A relay formalism is introduced to categorize the transition metal catalysis mechanisms; transition metal catalysis can be perceived as a continuous relay of the catalytic center from product (donor) to one reactant (acceptor) and can proceed by either dissociative relay or associative relay mode; the dissociative relay refers to a process of passing an innocent catalytic center, in an intermediate product-released and reactant-free state, to one reactant (acceptor), whereas the associative relay involves the passing of a non-innocent catalytic center through the competitive release of product by one additional reactant (acceptor). A reactivity relay cascade formalism is proposed to delineate the reactivity site transfer process; a reaction can encompass either one reactivity paradigm, identified as a reactivity site relay trajectory featuring reactivity initiation to termination by a discrete closed suite of electron pushing pathways (from the perspective of electron pushing formalism, each prior electron pushing pathway acting as a necessary condition for the ensuing electron pushing pathway), or multiple reactivity paradigms accommodated into a consecutive reactivity paradigm relay trajectory (from the perspective of electron pushing formalism, each prior reactivity paradigm acting as neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the ensuing reactivity paradigm). A polarity relay concept is used to generalize the observations of polarity matching-mediated ring-closure transformations. A skeleton-oriented synthesis concept is devised as a complementary thought framework for efficient synthesis as opposed to target-oriented synthesis and diversity-oriented synthesis; skeleton-oriented synthesis refers to a traceless appendage planning synthetic strategy for constructing molecular skeletons, with unintended appendages from the reactivity-assisting groups eliminated, and utility of the accessible reactivity of ring atoms for attaching intended appendages. Forward reactivity analysis is emphasized as a useful tool for streamlining the synthesis by the forward synthetic planning of synergism in reactivity of coupling partners in a consecutive reaction. A first catalytic olefin-imine metathesis has been achieved, providing a mechanistic basis for the innovative manipulation of C=C/C=N bond exchange process. A first synthesis of cobaltacycle intermediate has been achieved under catalysis-relevant C-H bond activation condition, providing direct experimental evidence for the first-row transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation reactions. Following our proposed C-H activation methods, other groups have developed a plethora of synthetic reactions: N-nitroso (44 follow-up reactions), enaminone (15 follow-up reactions), N-chloroamide (7 follow-up reactions), N-amino (5 follow-up reactions), oxadiazole (2 follow-up reactions), 2-hydrazinylpyridine (1 follow-up reaction). In addition, other groups have developed 4 and 1 follow-up reactions based on our proposed dihydroquinazolinone- and benzothiazoline-mediated photolytic C-C bond cleavage methods. Over 210 review articles have introduced our synthetic approaches, with 3 exclusively highlighting N-nitroso-directed C-H bond functionalization and 1 exclusively highlighting enaminone-directed C-H bond functionalization.

In biological synthesis, a decentralized approach for the formulation of hypotheses is proposed. The centralized hypothesis formulation approach, which exploits a primary phenomenon to extract a dominant hypothesis, has monopolized scientific thinking and practice for centuries. The major flaw of this essentially ad hoc approach is that it can constrict the conceivable experimental boundaries, thwart quest for alternative legitimate hypotheses, and ultimately hinder understanding of the system of interest. In contrast, our decentralized approach operates through preconception-free phenomenon accumulation and parallel, reticular logical reasoning processes, thus offering an objective, inclusive view of the system and allowing the derivation of a set of more coherent and tenable hypotheses. Through this approach, a hierarchical model has been established for a prion self-assembled structure, enabling comprehensive insight into hitherto elusive static and dynamic aspects of this intriguing system.

A series of sequence-specific biomacromolecular characterization methods (monolayer-barcoded nanoparticle, fluorous tag, biomineralization, etc.; for circumvention of thermodynamic bottleneck, elimination of competitive interference, multiplexed parallel assay of sequences) has been proposed and demonstrated for molecular diagnostics applications (follow-up studies by: Peter Sjövall, Fredrik Höök, Chalmers University of Technology; Hubert H. Girault, Ecole Polytechnique Fedé rale de Lausanne, etc.).